{"id":33113,"date":"2022-11-08T23:06:32","date_gmt":"2022-11-08T20:06:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hitmedia.su\/?p=33113"},"modified":"2023-04-12T13:10:58","modified_gmt":"2023-04-12T10:10:58","slug":"kto-iz-pisatelej-rossijskoj-imperii-podvergsya-cancel-culture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hitmedia.su\/en\/2022\/11\/08\/kto-iz-pisatelej-rossijskoj-imperii-podvergsya-cancel-culture\/","title":{"rendered":"Russian Empire writers who was subjected to the cancel culture"},"content":{"rendered":"Reading time<\/span> 8<\/span> minutes<\/span><\/span>

In modern space cancel culture is known as a \u00abboycott\u00bb of a person, group or brand that has done or said something outrageous or offensive. It is believed that the socio-political term emerged recently in the United States and Europe among African Americans who ignored products that actively expressed racist views. In Russian culture and media, the use of \u00abcancel culture\u00bb is perceived as inappropriate copying, but what if the cancelling as a phenomenon lies at the heart of Russian literature? Let\u2019s consider writers who have been ahead of the trend by several decades.<\/p>\n

Uspensky<\/h3>\n
\"F.<\/a>
F. Dostoevsky’s magazine \u00abTime\u00bb , in which he told about Uspensky’s works: there is no feeling of \u00abreal life’s thought\u00bb.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Nikolay Uspensky began his writing activity in 1857 after publishing in the magazine \u00abSon of the Fatherland\u00bb two debut stories: \u00abPig\u00bb and \u00abOld Woman\u00bb. The creativity of the young author was immediately warmly welcomed, since the realistic character of the works, which left the exclusively aesthetic narrative, and provided support for Uspensky from such prominent contemporaries as L. Tolstoy, F. Dostoevsky, I. Turgenev and especially N. Chernyshevsky. The latter, in turn, wrote a critical article about the work of Nikolai Vasilyevich \u00ab\u041d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u00bb. This was to be a turning point in the writer\u2019s career, who was made to understand that his rightly revolutionary-democratic narrative should not be directed to ridicule the vices of the people, but to support the nascent break in the everyday life and culture of peasants.<\/p>\n

However, Uspensky did not begin \u00abrapprochement with the liberation movement\u00bb. His \u00abtruth without a veil\u00bb turned into an outspoken \u00abnegative fiction\u00bb, as later F. Dostoevsky reported in his article about the creativity of Nikolay Vasilyevich in the magazine \u00abTime\u00bb. There was criticism everywhere. Writers and literary scholars did not skimp on harsh words: – \u00abTalentless fictionist with a tiny chicken world-view and a tiny chicken observation\u00bb. The chanting of the folk became fashionable, and Uspensky\u2019s vision of it was ugly: \u00ab… a man certainly or a thief, or a drunkard, or such a fool as the world has not ever produced; every woman is such an idiot that cannot be imagined\u00bb, – as A. Skabychevsky wrote.<\/p>\n

Critics and editors of literary magazines at that time had such informational influence that they were really able to \u00abcancel\u00bb Uspensky and later Leskov. For the rest of his life Nikolay Uspensky wandered with his daughter and for a small fee told biographies of authors of Russian classics. For Pushkin took the smallest fee, and for those who were exiled to Siberia or were in prison \u2013 most of all.<\/p>\n

\"Uspensky<\/a>
Uspensky committed suicide by stabbing himself. The \u00abcancellation\u00bb had such an impact on his status that many editions have not even printed the obituary.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Leskov<\/h3>\n

Most modern people know Nikolay Leskov as modest and harmless author of fairy tale \u00abLefty\u00bb. This work appeared in 1881, when the writer had already tried on himself \u00abcancelling\u00bb of the literary community. Leskov was active in politics until 1870. Nikolay Leskov, contrary to public opinion, was an outrageous author of provocative articles, held right-wing views. In 1862, the \u00abNorthern Bee\u00bb published the so-called \u00abArticle on Fires\u00bb, where the writer mentioned and thus spread a rumor about arsons carried by revolutionary students and Poles. The left-wing critic took this as a denunciation, but also the emperor resented because of Leskov\u2019s bold remark about administrative authority: \u00ab…to send firefighters to the fires for real help, not for standing up\u00bb. That\u2019s how Nikolai Leskov\u2019s cancelling began.<\/p>\n

\"Rubahin<\/a>
Rubahin V. F. \u00abFire in Apraksin Yard\u00bb, 1862. Leskov critically reflected this event in his article, which was the reason for \u00abcancelling\u00bb.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The editor of \u00abNorthern Bee\u00bb had to send Leskov on a \u00ablong business trip\u00bb, some kind of reference, after which he wrote the novel \u00abNowhere\u00bb. The work is the radical debut of the author, where in a satirical manner he depicted the left-wing lobby of writers, whose criticism will accompany all Russian literature for a long time. However, Nikolay Leskov did not change his views and creative direction, on the contrary, he joined the editor of the right-wing magazine \u00abRussian bulletin \u00bb – M. Katkov – and continued to write on the topic of the day. Subsequently, the writer so \u00abcrossed the line\u00bb that in the 1870 novel \u00abOn the Knives\u00bb depicted all revolutionaries as criminals. Leskov\u2019s degree of \u00abcancellation\u00bb reached its peak, and even his associates, Katkov and Dostoevsky, disowned him.<\/p>\n

\"Illustration<\/a>
Illustration of the artist Nikolai Kuzmin to the story of Leskov \u00abLefty\u00bb<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00abCancelled\u00bb Nikolay Leskov fell silent. The bold writer returned with much less provocative texts about the mighty folk and religion. Unlike Uspensky, Leskov managed to rehabilitate and earn fame thanks to the famous fairy tale \u00abLefty\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Nabokov<\/h3>\n

The history of Vladimir Nabokov is an example of the influence of left-wing critics on Russian literature even after his death. The writer did not become a victim of the cancel culture, but his novel \u00abGift, 1938\u00bb lost a whole chapter. Instead of the text, readers could see this:<\/p>\n

The Modern Notes 67, p. 69 (Paris, 1938). The first publication of the novel \u00abGift\u00bb by V. Syrin (Nabokov) with explanation: \u00abChapter 4, consisting entirely of \u00abLife of Chernyshevsky\u00bb, written by the hero of the novel, skipped with the consent of the author. – Ed.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"One<\/a>
One of the variants of the fourth chapter of the novel \u00abGift\u00bb<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

It is believed that the fourth chapter was a felleton on comrade Chernyshevsky, part-time one of Lenin\u2019s favorite writers. Nabokov ridiculed primarily for his lack of aesthetic focus in his literary view of criticism, which, in his view, leads to Bolshevik ideology and repressions.<\/p>\n

The cancel culture is present in Russian culture today. As before, it exists in two dimensions: aesthetic and political. However, the modern field for creative statements is rather visual content – movies and clips. Literature has ceased to be a forum for political debate. Individual authors, like Pelevin, still speak on sharp topics, but in the general masses – these are only exceptions.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Reading time<\/span> 8<\/span> minutes<\/span><\/span>In modern space cancel culture is known as a \u00abboycott\u00bb of a person, group or brand that has done or said something outrageous or offensive. It is believed that the socio-political term emerged recently in the United States and Europe among African Americans who ignored products that actively expressed racist views. In Russian culture and … Continue reading “Russian Empire writers who was subjected to the cancel culture”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1103,"featured_media":33116,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[16],"class_list":["post-33113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blank","tag-4-r","keywords-literature","keywords-past","keywords-russia","size-medium"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hitmedia.su\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33113","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hitmedia.su\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hitmedia.su\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hitmedia.su\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1103"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hitmedia.su\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33113"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/hitmedia.su\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33113\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33467,"href":"https:\/\/hitmedia.su\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33113\/revisions\/33467"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hitmedia.su\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33116"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hitmedia.su\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33113"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hitmedia.su\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33113"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hitmedia.su\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33113"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}